(17) Battles against Pagans and Jews of Arabia

OUTLINE OF CHAPTER
Why wars against Meccans were inevitable? Economic reasons, fight in self-defense, preventing practice of religion in Kabah, defense of religious freedom, liberation of Kabah, reconnoitering expeditions, raid of Nakla.
The battle of Badr (624): Prophecies regarding battle of Badr; Al-Anfal, spoils of war, (8): Who are true believers, fight for truth rather than for material gains, God’s answer to prophet’s prayer, no retreat permissible, victory belongs to God alone, divine aid is contingent upon true faith and righteous deeds, trials and temptations, punishment for nonbelievers, fight for religious freedom, confronting numerically superior enemy, psychological and spiritual aid, war is not for self-glory, Satan’s deceptions, punishment for unbelievers after death, conquering fear of death, providing shelter to those fleeing religious persecution, victory at battle of Badr and power of faith. Expulsion of tribe of Qaynuqa.
The battle of Uhud (625): Near-defection of two tribes, divine aid and inspiration, admonition to the prophet, martyrdom in God’s cause, Muhammad a mortal human being, disobeying prophet’s command, death is preordained, satan not primary cause of sin, self-responsibility for the set back, martyrs are alive and glad tidings for survivors, why do you say what you do not do? Problem of hypocrisy. Revolt by the Jewish tribe of Banu Al-Nadir (August 625): treason, futility of alliance between nonbelievers and hypocrites.
The battle of Trench (627): Mobilization of the whole Arabia against Muslims, digging of the trench, treason by the Jewish tribe of Qurayzah, God’s blessing for believers, prophetic vision of conquest of Persian and Byzantine empires, cowardice of hypocrites, supreme sacrifice in God’s cause by the believers, campaign against Banu Qurayzah, prediction of defeat of hypocrites.
 
 
 
 
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